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Mr_math
11-18-2012, 04:09 PM
Evidence for using alpha-lipoic acid in reducing lipoprotein and inflammatory related atherosclerotic risk.





J Diet Suppl. 2012 Jun;9(2):116-27.

Affiliation
Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, School of Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, UK.

Abstract
Alpha lipoic acid (α-LA) is a potent biological antioxidant that is found naturally in the human body at very low concentrations, primarily in the mitochondria. However, synthetic α-LA is commercially available as a nutritional supplement and has been shown to be effective at ameliorating symptoms in diseases with an underlying oxidative stress component. High blood cholesterol is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor and is responsive to diet and lifestyle modifications. In addition to high blood cholesterol, there is increasing evidence that supports the independent role of oxidized lipids and lipoproteins, chiefly oxidized low-density lipoproteins (Ox-LDL), in the development of CVD. Lowering total blood cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) and raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels is the most desirable metabolic state for maximum protection against CVD, but can be difficult to achieve through diet and exercise alone. With emerging evidence of reduced LDL-C and TG, increased HDL-C, and blunting of oxidative susceptibility of lipoproteins by α-LA, its use alone or in combination with other dietary supplements may be an effective strategy to modulate multiple metabolic targets of oxidative stress and cholesterol metabolism to reduce CVD risk. This review examines the current evidence for the use of α-LA in CVD risk reduction and identifies the remaining gaps that must be addressed in this area of research.


Evidence for using alpha-lipoic acid in - PubMed Mobile (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22607646/?i=49&from=alpha%20lipoic%20acid%20antioxidant)

Mr_math
11-18-2012, 06:51 PM
Lipoic acid - biological activity and therapeutic potential.




Pharmacol Rep. 2011;63(4):849-58.

Affiliation
Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, PL 92-215 Łódź, Poland.

Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (LA; 5-(1,2-dithiolan-3-yl)pentanoic acid) was originally isolated from bovine liver by Reed et al. in 1951. LA was once considered a vitamin. Subsequently, it was found that LA is not a vitamin and is synthesized by plants and animals. LA is covalently bound to the ε-amino group of lysine residues and functions as a cofactor for mitochondrial enzymes by catalyzing the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate and branched-chain α-keto acids. LA and its reduced form - dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), meet all the criteria for an ideal antioxidant because they can easily quench radicals, can chelate metals, have an amphiphlic character and they do not exhibit any serious side effects. They interact with other antioxidants and can regenerate them. For this reason, LA is called an antioxidant of antioxidants. LA has an influence on the second messenger nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and attenuates the release of free radicals and cytotoxic cytokines. The therapeutic action of LA is based on its antioxidant properties. Current studies support its use in the ancillary treatment of many diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, autoimmune diseases, cancer and AIDS. This review was undertaken to gather the most recent information regarding the therapeutic properties of LA and its possible utility in disease treatment.

Lipoic acid - biological activity and t - PubMed Mobile (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/22001972/?i=30&from=alpha%20lipoic%20acid%20free%20radicals)

Mr_math
11-18-2012, 07:18 PM
Effects of alpha-lipoic Acid on body weight in obese subjects.




Am J Med. 2011 Jan;124(1):85.e1-8.

Affiliation
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Abstract
PURPOSE: alpha-lipoic acid is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial respiratory enzymes that improves mitochondrial function. We previously reported that alpha-lipoic acid markedly reduced body weight gain in rodents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether alpha-lipoic acid reduces body weight in obese human subjects.

METHODS: in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 20-week trial, 360 obese individuals (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m(2) or BMI 27-30 kg/m(2) plus hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or hypercholesterolemia) were randomized to alpha-lipoic acid 1200 or 1800 mg/d or placebo. The primary end point was body weight change from baseline to end point.

RESULTS: the 1800 mg alpha-lipoic acid group lost significantly more weight than the placebo group (2.1%; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.8; P<.05). Urticaria and itching sensation were the most common adverse events in the alpha-lipoic acid groups, but these were generally mild and transient.

CONCLUSION: alpha-lipoic acid 1800 mg/d led to a modest weight loss in obese subjects. Alpha-lipoic acid may be considered as adjunctive therapy for obesity.

2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.



Effects of alpha-lipoic Acid on body we - PubMed Mobile (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/21187189/?i=4&from=alpha%20lipoic%20acid%20in%20weight%20loss)