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Thread: Creatine

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    Super Moderator Feedback Score 2 (100%) h2s's Avatar
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    Creatine

    Three weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation affects dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio in college-aged rugby players.

    Clin J Sport Med. 2009 Sep;19(5):399-404.
    Three weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation affects dihydrotestosterone to testosterone ratio in college-aged rugby players.
    van der Merwe J, Brooks NE, Myburgh KH.
    Source
    Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.

    Abstract
    OBJECTIVE:
    This study investigated resting concentrations of selected androgens after 3 weeks of creatine supplementation in male rugby players. It was hypothesized that the ratio of dihydrotestosterone (DHT, a biologically more active androgen) to testosterone (T) would change with creatine supplementation.
    DESIGN:
    Double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study with a 6-week washout period.
    SETTING:
    Rugby Institute in South Africa.
    PARTICIPANTS:
    College-aged rugby players (n = 20) volunteered for the study, which took place during the competitive season.
    INTERVENTIONS:
    Subjects loaded with creatine (25 g/day creatine with 25 g/day glucose) or placebo (50 g/day glucose) for 7 days followed by 14 days of maintenance (5 g/day creatine with 25 g/day glucose or 30 g/day glucose placebo).
    MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
    Serum T and DHT were measured and ratio calculated at baseline and after 7 days and 21 days of creatine supplementation (or placebo). Body composition measurements were taken at each time point.
    RESULTS:
    After 7 days of creatine loading, or a further 14 days of creatine maintenance dose, serum T levels did not change. However, levels of DHT increased by 56% after 7 days of creatine loading and remained 40% above baseline after 14 days maintenance (P < 0.001). The ratio of DHT:T also increased by 36% after 7 days creatine supplementation and remained elevated by 22% after the maintenance dose (P < 0.01).
    CONCLUSIONS:
    Creatine supplementation may, in part, act through an increased rate of conversion of T to DHT. Further investigation is warranted as a result of the high frequency of individuals using creatine supplementation and the long-term safety of alterations in circulating androgen composition. STATEMENT OF CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although creatine is a widely used ergogenic aid, the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood, particularly in relation to dihydrotestosterone, and therefore the long-term clinical safety cannot be guaranteed.
    Three weeks of creatine monohydrate supplem... [Clin J Sport Med. 2009] - PubMed - NCBI

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    Super Moderator Feedback Score 2 (100%) h2s's Avatar
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    Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on serum myostatin and GASP-1.

    Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Apr 12;317(1-2):25-30. Epub 2009 Dec 22.
    Effects of oral creatine and resistance training on serum myostatin and GASP-1.
    Saremi A, Gharakhanloo R, Sharghi S, Gharaati MR, Larijani B, Omidfar K.
    Source
    Department of Sport Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
    Abstract
    Myostatin is a catabolic regulator of skeletal muscle mass. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance training for 8 weeks in conjunction with creatine supplementation on muscle strength, lean body mass, and serum levels of myostatin and growth and differentiation factor-associated serum protein-1 (GASP-1). In a double-blinded design 27 healthy male subjects (23.42+/-2.2 years) were assigned to control (CON), resistance training+placebo (RT+PL) and resistance training+creatine supplementation (RT+CR) groups. The protocol consisted of 3 days per week of training for 8 weeks, each session including three sets of 8-10 repetitions at 60-70% of 1 RM for whole-body exercise. Blood sampling, muscular strength testing and body composition analysis (full body DEXA) were performed at 0, 4th and 8th weeks. Myostatin and GASP-1 was measured. Resistance training caused significant decrease in serum levels of myostatin and increase in that of GASP-1. Creatine supplementation in conjunction with resistance training lead to greater decreases in serum myostatin (p<0.05), but had not additional effect on GASP-1 (p>0.05). The effects of resistance training on serum levels of myostatin and GASP-1, may explain the increased muscle mass that is amplified by creatine supplementation.
    Effects of oral creatine and resistance ... [Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010] - PubMed - NCBI

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    Super Moderator Feedback Score 2 (100%) DJM's Avatar
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    Long-term creatine supplementation does not significantly affect clinical markers of health in athletes.
    Abstract

    Creatine has been reported to be an effective ergogenic aid for athletes. However, concerns have been raised regarding the long-term safety of creatine supplementation. This study examined the effects of long-term creatine supplementation on a 69-item panel of serum, whole blood, and urinary markers of clinical health status in athletes. Over a 21-month period, 98 Division IA college football players were administered in an open label manner creatine or non-creatine containing supplements following training sessions. Subjects who ingested creatine were administered 15.75 g/day of creatine monohydrate for 5 days and an average of 5 g/day thereafter in 5-10 g/day doses. Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected at 0, 1, 1.5, 4, 6, 10, 12, 17, and 21 months of training. A comprehensive quantitative clinical chemistry panel was determined on serum and whole blood samples (metabolic markers, muscle and liver enzymes, electrolytes, lipid profiles, hematological markers, and lymphocytes). In addition, urine samples were quantitatively and qualitative analyzed to assess clinical status and renal function. At the end of the study, subjects were categorized into groups that did not take creatine (n = 44) and subjects who took creatine for 0-6 months (mean 4.4 +/- 1.8 months, n = 12), 7-12 months (mean 9.3 +/- 2.0 months, n = 25), and 12-21 months (mean 19.3 +/- 2.4 months, n = 17). Baseline and the subjects' final blood and urine samples were analyzed by MANOVA and 2 x 2 repeated measures ANOVA univariate tests. MANOVA revealed no significant differences (p = 0.51) among groups in the 54-item panel of quantitative blood and urine markers assessed. Univariate analysis revealed no clinically significant interactions among groups in markers of clinical status. In addition, no apparent differences were observed among groups in the 15-item panel of qualitative urine markers. Results indicate that long-term creatine supplementation (up to 21-months) does not appear to adversely effect markers of health status in athletes undergoing intense training in comparison to athletes who do not take creatine.

    Long-term creatine supplementation does not... [Mol Cell Biochem. 2003] - PubMed - NCBI

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    Super Moderator Feedback Score 2 (100%) DJM's Avatar
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    Muscle creatine loading in men

    Abstract

    The effect of dietary creatine and supplementation on skeletal muscle creatine accumulation and subsequent degradation and on urinary creatinine excretion was investigated in 31 male subjects who ingested creatine in different quantities over varying time periods. Muscle total creatine concentration increased by approximately 20% after 6 days of creatine supplementation at a rate of 20 g/day. This elevated concentration was maintained when supplementation was continued at a rate of 2 g/day for a further 30 days. In the absence of 2 g/day supplementation, total creatine concentration gradually declined, such that 30 days after the cessation of supplementation the concentration was no different from the presupplementation value. During this period, urinary creatinine excretion was correspondingly increased. A similar, but more gradual, 20% increase in muscle total creatine concentration was observed over a period of 28 days when supplementation was undertaken at a rate of 3 g/day. In conclusion, a rapid way to "creatine load" human skeletal muscle is to ingest 20 g of creatine for 6 days. This elevated tissue concentration can then be maintained by ingestion of 2 g/day thereafter. The ingestion of 3 g creatine/day is in the long term likely to be as effective at raising tissue levels as this higher dose.

    Muscle creatine loading in men. [J Appl Physiol. 1996] - PubMed - NCBI

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    Super Moderator Feedback Score 2 (100%) h2s's Avatar
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    Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program.

    Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) additively increase lean body mass and muscle strength during a weight-training program.
    Jówko E, Ostaszewski P, Jank M, Sacharuk J, Zieniewicz A, Wilczak J, Nissen S.
    Source

    Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Biala Podlaska, Academy of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland.
    Abstract

    We investigated whether creatine (CR) and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) act by similar or different mechanisms to increase lean body mass (LBM) and strength in humans undergoing progressive resistance-exercise training. In this double-blind, 3-wk study, subjects (n = 40) were randomized to placebo (PL; n = 10), CR (20.0 g of CR/d for 7 d followed by 10.0 g of CR/d for 14 d; n = 11), HMB (3.0 g of HMB/d; n = 9), or CR-and-HMB (CR/HMB; n = 10) treatment groups. Over 3 wk, all subjects gained LBM, which was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The CR, HMB and CR/HMB groups gained 0.92, 0.39, and 1.54 kg of LBM, respectively, over the placebo group, with a significant effect with CR supplementation (main effect P = 0.05) and a trend with HMB supplementation (main effect P = 0.08). These effects were additive because there was no interaction between CR and HMB (CR x HMB main effect P = 0.73). Across all exercises, HMB, CR, and CR/HMB supplementation caused accumulative strength increases of 37.5, 39.1, and 51.9 kg, respectively, above the placebo group. The exercise-induced rise in serum creatine phosphokinase was markedly suppressed with HMB supplementation (main effect P = 0.01). However, CR supplementation antagonized the HMB effects on serum creatine phosphokinase (CR x HMB interactive effect P = 0.04). Urine urea nitrogen and plasma urea were not affected by CR supplementation, but both decreased with HMB supplementation (HMB effect P < 0.05), suggesting a nitrogen-sparing effect. In summary, CR and HMB can increase LBM and strength, and the effects are additive. Although not definitive, these results suggest that CR and HMB act by different mechanisms.
    Creatine and beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyr... [Nutrition. 2001 Jul-Aug] - PubMed - NCBI

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    thx for sharing!

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    Established Member Feedback Score 0 somm's Avatar
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    Does anyone have a preferance to the creatine they use? Seems like there are so many variations out there and some companies claim that regular creatine mono doesn't have as good effect as say creatine hcl. Any thoughts?

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    I can say that it appears the members of this forum really seem to like their creatine HCL...I sell more creatine HCL than all other creatine products combined.
    www.SoCal-Nutrition.com
    Use Coupon code SWOLE5 to save 5% on all orders
    Prescription Nutrition Now Available!

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    Established Member Feedback Score 3 (100%) tallstraw's Avatar
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    Creating mono is tried and true. It will work(most likely, there's a small bit of non responders, who notice nothing)..but having used both I recommend creative hcl if that's the same stuff that's in Con-cret..it was the best creative ever..there was a guy on the old forums or earlier in this forums infancy DJ..he was a proponent of the hcl..said 4 scoops had PH type pumps..I thought it was bs..tried it in pct while I was deployed..well he wasn't telling any stories..the pumps are massive on 3-4 scoops. I thoroughly recommend it.



    Edit: speaking of DJ there he is up above lol

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    Always been intrigued by the varieties of creatine, but for $19 and free two day shipping a 1kg of micronized creatine mono I haven't been compelled to get ambitious. It would be nice to not feel as bloated though. I've heard creatine phosphate doesn't have bloat but maybe just broscience?

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